Ferenc Krausz

Ferenc Krausz (born May 17, 1962, in Mór, Hungary) is a Hungarian-Austrian physicist, whose research team has generated and measured the first attosecond light pulse and used it for capturing electrons’ motion inside atoms, marking the birth of attophysics..

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Academic career

Krausz studied theoretical physics at Eötvös Loránd University and electrical engineering at the Technical University of Budapest in Hungary. After his habilitation at the Technical University of Vienna, in Austria, he became professor at the same institute. In 2003 he was appointed director at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics in Garching and in 2004 became chair of experimental physics at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich. In 2006 he co-founded the Munich-Centre of Advanced Photonics (MAP) and began serving as one of its directors.

Research

After advancing femtosecond laser pulse generation and measurement (briefly: femtosecond technology) to its ultimate limit set by the field oscillation cycle of light by a series of innovations,[1] including the co-invention of chirped multilayer dielectric mirrors for dispersion control of ultrashort light pulses,[2] he and his coworkers were the first to generate and measure an attosecond pulse (of extreme ultraviolet light) in 2001.[3] One year later, they demonstrated the ability of attosecond metrology to track sub-atomic-scale electron dynamics in real time.[4]

With controlled light waveforms, he and his collaborators demonstrated steering electrons in and around atoms, with several far-reaching implications.[5] These include attosecond pulse generation with reproducible characteristics,[6][7][8] sampling the field oscillation of light with an attosecond oscilloscope,[9] controlling chemical reactions via steering electrons in molecules with the field of light,[10] and real-time observation of electron tunneling from atoms and atomic-scale electron transport in solids.[11][12]

For these achievements, he received the Wittgenstein Award in Austria in 2002 and the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in Germany in 2006, which are the highest honours awarded in science in these countries. In 2010, his group reported the first real-time observation of valence electron motion.[13]

References

  1. ^ Brabec, Thomas; Krausz, Ferenc (2000). "Intense few-cycle laser fields: Frontiers of nonlinear optics". Reviews of Modern Physics (American Physical Society) 72 (2): 545–591. Bibcode 2000RvMP...72..545B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.72.545. http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.72.545. Retrieved 18 December 2010. 
  2. ^ Stingl, Andreas; Spielmann, Christian; Krausz, Ferenc; Krausz, Szipocsm; Robert Szipöcs. (1994). "Generation of 11-fs pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser without the use of prisms". Optics Letters (Optical Society of America) 19 (3): 201–206. Bibcode 1994OptL...19..204S. doi:10.1364/OL.19.000204. ISSN 1539-4794. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-19-3-204. Retrieved 18 December 2010. 
  3. ^ Hentschel, Ml, et. al. (29 November 2001). "Attosecond metrology". Nature 414 (6863): 509–513. Bibcode 2001Natur.414..509H. doi:10.1038/35107000. ISSN 1476-4687. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v414/n6863/full/414509a.html. Retrieved 18 December 2010. 
  4. ^ Drescher, M., et.al. (24 October 2002). "Time-resolved atomic inner-shell spectroscopy". Nature 419 (6909): 803–807. doi:0.1038/nature01143. ISSN 1476-4687. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v419/n6909/pdf/nature01143.pdf. Retrieved 18 December 2010. 
  5. ^ Baltuška, A., et.al. (6 February 2003). "Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields". Nature 421 (6923): 611–615. Bibcode 2003Natur.421..611B. doi:10.1038/nature01414. ISSN 1476-4687. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v421/n6923/full/nature01414.html. Retrieved 18 December 2010. 
  6. ^ Klenberger, R., et.al.. "Atomic transient recorder". Nature 427 (6977): 817–821. doi:10.1038/nature02277. ISSN 1476-4687. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v427/n6977/full/nature02277.html. Retrieved 18 December 2010. 
  7. ^ Goulielmakis, E., et.al. (10 August 2007). "Attosecond Control and Measurement: Lightwave Electronics". Science 317 (5839): 769–775. Bibcode 2007Sci...317..769G. doi:10.1126/science.1142855. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/317/5839/769.full. Retrieved 18 December 2010. 
  8. ^ Goulielmakis, E., et. al. (20 June 2008). "Single-Cycle Nonlinear Optics". Science 320 (5883): 1614–1617. Bibcode 2008Sci...320.1614G. doi:10.1126/science.1157846. ISSN 1095-9203. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/320/5883/1614.full. Retrieved 18 December 2010. 
  9. ^ Goulielmakis, E., et. al. (27 August 2004). "Direct Measurement of Light Waves". Science 305 (5688): 1267–1269. Bibcode 2004Sci...305.1267G. doi:10.1126/science.1100866. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/305/5688/1267.full. Retrieved 18 December 2010. 
  10. ^ Kling, M., et. al. (14 April 2006). "Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation". Science 312 (5771): 246–248. Bibcode 2006Sci...312..246K. doi:10.1126/science.1126259. ISSN 1095-9203. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/312/5771/246.full. Retrieved 18 December 2010. 
  11. ^ Uiberacker, M., et.al (5 April 2007). "Attosecond real-time observation of electron tunnelling in atoms". Nature 446 (7136): 627–632. Bibcode 2007Natur.446..627U. doi:10.1038/nature05648. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v446/n7136/full/nature05648.html. Retrieved 18 December 2010. 
  12. ^ Cavalieri, A. L., et. al.. "Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter". Nature 449 (7165): 1029–1032. Bibcode 2007Natur.449.1029C. doi:10.1038/nature06229. ISSN 1476-4687. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7165/full/nature06229.html. Retrieved 18 December 2010. 
  13. ^ Goulielmakis, Eleftherios, et. al.. "Real-time observation of valence electron motion". Nature 466 (7307): 739–743. Bibcode 2010Natur.466..739G. doi:10.1038/nature09212. ISSN 1476-4687. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09212.html. Retrieved 18 December 2010. 

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